Kathmandu : In this week's learning segment "Urja Gyan", Urja Khabar presents to you important facts related to electricity transmission and distribution lines this week. Last week, we learned different issues such as electricity access, energy crisis, and possible solutions.
(1) What is electricity transmission?
Answer: Electricity transmission is the process of transporting electrical energy from where it is produced (for instance, power houses or water energy plants) to where it is consumed (for instance, homes, industries, companies).
(2) What are the main technical characteristics of electricity transmission?
Answer: The main technical characteristics of electricity transmission are:
(3) What is a grid system?
Answer: A grid system refers to the connection of transmission lines from power plants and consumption areas. It enhances sharing and reliability of electricity. For example, electricity from Upper Tamakoshi or Kali Gandaki A hydropower plants is transmitted to Kathmandu or somewhere with high-voltage transmission lines.
Grid system provides a continuous supply of power, consolidates electricity from various sources (hydro, solar, wind, thermal, biomass, etc.) into one, and maintains supply-demand balance in different regions.
(4) What is electricity distribution?
Answer: Electricity distribution is the passing of electricity from the transmission system to the consumers such as household buildings, businesses, industries, and agricultural farms.
(5) Principal components of electricity distribution:
Step-down transformers: Convert high-voltage electricity (transmission) to lower voltages (e.g., 33 kV, 11 kV, 400 V, or 230 V) in distribution substations.
Distribution lines:
(6) Voltage levels for different consumers
(7) Course of electricity in a distribution system:
For instance, electricity from the 132/33 kV Bharatpur substation is stepped down to 33 kV and distributed to domestic and industrial consumers through various feeders. Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) is the primary electricity distributor in the majority of Nepal.
(8) General problems in the distribution system:
(9) Function of a good distribution network: